last posting

I just took a test about Germanic thing and it was difficult for me. I studied but it was not enough.  This is last time to post. I liked this class and it was fun class. especially, the Chi-Cago's song was really good. We only have a few days until the exam and i have to study

5/27 class

Today, Kappel became teacher and went over the test that we are going to have tomorrow. actually he did really good job. It is out last test of the class and i'm gonna miss this class and Mr.Schick. Mr.Schick hit the bell so many times while Kapple is reading the powerpoint and Arri got mad about that. Arri has surgery for his broken leg tomorrow and i hope good luck. i have to study for the test now

5/23

what happened in 476?(exam question)
Romlulus  Augustus is disposed as the emperor

The new society has roots in
- classical heritage of Rome
- beliefs of the Roman Catholic Church
- customs of various Germanic tribes

5th Century Germanic invaders

overrun the western half of the Roman Empire
causing
- distruption of trade
- downfall of cities
- population shifts to rural areas

5/20

exam essay question:describe how Christianity evolved from a "cult" into the full huge biggest religion in the world. 

- a European Empire Evolves

        -Franks control largest European kingdom

                   -the Roman province formerly known as Gaul

                   -Ruled by Clovis - the Merovingian Dynasty

        -Major domo - mayor of the palace - ruled the kingdom

        -Charles Martel - Charles the Hamme

                   -extended the Franks' reign to the north, south, and east.

                   -defeated a Muslim army from Spain at the Battle of Tours in 732 - historic battle!

5/19

Germanic Kingdoms Unite Under Charlemagne

Main idea: many Germanic kingdoms that succeeded the Roman Empire were reunited under Charlemagne's empire

Why it matters now!: Charlemagne spread Christian civilization throughout northern Europe, which is where many of us came from.

Middle Ages = medieval period
500 - 1500 AD

medieval Europe is fragmented
1. invasions and constant warfare spark trends
        a. disruption of trade
          i. Europe's cities are no longer economic centers
          ii. money is scarce
        b. downfall of cities
          i. cities are no longer centers of administration
        c. population shifts
          i. nobles retreat to the rural areas
          ii. cities don't have strong leadership
2.invasions trigger changes in western Europe (cont.)
        a. decline of learning
             i. Germanic invaders are illiterate, but they communicate through oral tradition
             ii. only priests and church officials could read and write
             iii. Knowledge of Greek (and literature, science, philosophy) is almost lost
        b. loss of a common language
          i. dialects develop...
3. Germanic kingdoms emerge
        a. the concept of govt. changes
             i. Roman society: loyal to public govt.
             ii. Germanic society: loyal to family
               1. Germanic chief led warriors
               2. during peace, he provided food, weapons, treasure, a place to live (the lord's hall)
               3. During wartime, warriors fought for the lord
          iii. "the king? who's that? you want to collect taxes from me? who the hech are you?"
          IV. franks live in the Roman province of Gaul - their leader is Clovis
     b. the Franks under Clovis
             i. another battlefield conversion! (just like Constantine!)
             ii. Clovis and 3000 of his warriors are baptized by the bishop
             iii. the church in Rome approves of this "alliance"
             IV. Clovis and the church begin to work together
4. Germanic peoples adopt Christianity
        a. 511 AD - Clovis unites Franks into one kingdom
        b. 600 AD - church + Frankish rulers convert many
        c. fear of Muslims in southern Europe spur many to become Christians
           4. Monasteries and convents
             i. 520 AD - Benedict wrote the rules for monks and monasteries
                  1. poverty, chastity, obedience, study
             ii. his sister Scholastica did the same for nuns...
     5. (pope) Gregory 1 expands papal power
             a. papacy=pope's office
             b. secular power=worldly power
             c. so... under Gregory the great...
papal power (power of the pope) is political power.
presented from the pope's palace
          d. the church can use church money to:
               raise armies
               repair roads
               help the poor
          e. Gregory the Great began to act as mayor of Rome, and as head of an earthly kingdom (Christendom)

5/13

Since we are done with Rome, Mr shick gave us free time to study. I studied Rome for the test tomorrow

Rome fades away 5/12

Two Emperors

Diocletian

- he rules from 284 - 303

- it's cool to persecute Christians

- Rome needs a big army (400,000 strong)

- Rome needs a big government (20,000 officials)

Constattine

- rules from 306-337

- it's cool to BE a Christian
- conversion to Christianity

via a cross in the sky (conquer by this!)

- 313- his Edict of Milan proclaims freedom of worship

- built a new capital in the East 

    - Byzantium, soom to be know as Constantinople

The struggle of the peasatns
life in the Fourth Century
- country dwellers are getting bankrupted by endless tax collection
- new farming system: peasants work for elite landlords on large farms
- peasants can avoid paying taxes, but they are getting hit just as hard by the landlords
- paying off debts and being "allowed" to live on the and, in exchange for endless back-breaking work(suc a deal!)
- landowners hold local power as counts and bishops, wielding more real power than the faraway empire
- foreshadowing feudalism

The western Empire crumbles
Rome's power is dereasng, while nomadic barbarians gain power
Western Empire is too poor, begins to be neglected
Huns migrate from China to eastern Europe
Visigoths take over Spain, and actually capture and loot Rome itself in 410
Vandals control Carthage and the western Mediterranean
other barbarian tribes: Ostrogoths in Italy, Franks in Gaul, Angles and Saxons in Britain

End of an era
from the beginnings...
    500 BC - the monarchy is abolished
    450 BC  - the Twelve Tables are established

...through the glory days
     44BC- end of the line for Julius Caesar
     27BC- 180 AD- the Roman Peace (Pax Roman)

to the bitter end...
   constant fifth century invasions by barbarian tribes left the western Roman Empire shattered and crumbling

   the last emperor was a teenage boy installed in 475 by his father
   barbarians deposed Romulus Augustulus without bothering to kill him

5/9

Rise of Christianity

- jesus spends three years preaching, is killed by Roman leaders

- Jesus' followers believe be is the messiah and Savior who has risen from the dead

- Saul (the persecutor) becomes Paul (the evangelist), spreading Jesus' message (one true God, nor   Roman gods)

- Christaianity evolves from cult status to established, official structure

- priest, bishops, pope (Bishop of Rome)

- Christians and Jews were monotheistic (believing in one God)

-this conflicted with Roman beliefs

-persecution against both was common

-Christianity appealed to the poor, and since there were many poor, their numbers grew 

-as it grew, even some Roman leaders embraced Christianity

-(can you see the tide beginning to ture?)

AD 180: Rome has problems

-economic(trade became risky; taxes are too high; food supply was dropping)

-military (frontiers were hard to control; soldiers; loyalty declined and mercenaries appeared)

-Diocletian divided the empire into two

-Greek-speaking East (had more resources)

-Latin -speaking west (Rome, tradition)

5/6

First Indo-European settle around 750
Tiber River, in the low-lying seven hills of central Italy. in the middle of Italy in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea which was the center of the world.

What three groups of people dominated the culture of early Rome
-Latins
-Etruscans
-Greeks

Who was Tarquin the proud, and what was so significant about him?
Last of the Roman kings

Using our text, describe how Rome moved from a monarchy to a republic
-Ruled by Etruscan king(monarchy) who ever advised by rich patricians(the Senate - an aristocracy)
After Tarquin (no more tyranny), the government became res publica (the people's business), or        republic (like Greek democracy)

Describe the difference between a patrician and a plebeian
-Patrician: upper-class, landowning, established, connected, powerful
-Plebian: common people, workers, small-time farmers, some wealthy non-patricians

Define
-senate: government assembly of 300 (unpaid) patricians; appointed for life; first by kings then consuls
-consuls: two senators who led the government and military for one-year terms; could veto each other
-tribunes:leaders of the plebeian assembly; first rather powerless, gaining ground over the years

What is so important about the Twelve Tables ?
- marked the first time that laws were written in Rome
- set up to protect Plebeians who were getting pushed around by patricians
- publicly displayed in the Forum(450 BC)

The roman repulic serves as a model for what modern document, and what modern government?
- The Constitution of the -US  and its separation of powers
Senate/Assemblies US senate/House of Reps
Consuls/ Dictator-President of the US
Senate could act like judges-like our Supreme Court

Describe why only the rich could serve in the Senate
- members were not paid, but worked their way up from low- lancing magistrates to higher ones. They needed to spend a lot to look good popular. and powerful, making them electable Plebes couldn't afford to do that

The kings who ruled between 600 and 500 BC ordered the building of the Forum, Rome's political c

May 5 2014 note

Octavian - AKA Caesar Augustus(the first emperor)

- begins the Pax Romana - a period of peace and prosperity

- Built roads, aqueducts (brought water to the cities)

- set up civil service to take care of roads, the grain supply, even a postal service

- augustus dies age 76 in A.D. 14, and passed power to....

Tiberius but first, a word about Jesus and paul

From jesus to christianity

- jesus was a roman citizen and a practicing Jew 

- at 30, he began his ministry(A.D 31-33), preaching to the poor (and there were lots of ern) in the empire, and reaching out to outsiders

- statement like "my kingdom is not of this world" made the romans (and the Jews) nervous, and they began to plan his execution

- the governor of the Roman province of Judaea, Pontius Pilate (prompted by jewish high priests), sentences Jesus to death by crucifixion

The word spreads about the risen Jesus

- Paul is instrumental in telling the world about Jesus' life, death, resurrection, and message

- He travels far and wide: Cyprus, Anatolia, Athens, Corinth, Macedonia, Rome, Jerusalem, and maybe even Spain and Britain

- He writes letters to many of those he spoke to - these epistles are a part of the New Testament

- If not for the efforts of Paul, it is likely that Jesus remains an obscure preacher, instead of the central figure of the world's largest religion

Caligula - good start

 - in addition to being Germanicus' son he was Tiberius' adopted grandson and great-nephew-putting him next in line for emperor

- he started off well: granting bonuses to those in the military, declaring treason trials a thing of the past, and made government spending a matter of public record

- all in all, the first seven months of Caligula's reign were "completely blissful" (according to the historian Philo)...then...

Bad finish for Caligula

- he began to fight with the Senate

- he claimed to be a god, and had statues displayed in many places - including the Jewish temple in Jerusalem (sacrilege)

- other examples of cruelty and insanity: he sleep with other men's wives and bragged about it, indulged in too much spending and sex, and even tried to make his horse a consul and a priest (at least that's what his critics said)

- assassinated by his own aides, AD41 (aged 28)

next in line: Claudius

- Ostracized by his family because of his disabilities(limp, slight deafness, possible speech impediment- thought to be cerebral palsy or polio), he was the last adult male in his family when Caligula was killed

- He rose to the occasion: he conquered Britain; he built roads, canals, and aqueducts; he renovated the Circus Maximus

- Had an awful marriage to Messaline, who was quite often unfaithful to him, even plotting to seize power for her lover Silius though a coup - so Claudius had them killed

Meanwhile - religious troubles

- Christianity and Judaism: monotheistic

- Romans had many gods, plus at times the emperor was viewed as a god 

- AD 66; a group of Jews called the Zealots tried to rebel, but Roman troops put them down and burned their temple (except for on wall)

- The Western wall today is the holiest of all Jewish shrines

0half a million Jews died in the rebellion

Persecution of Christians

- Romans were harsh toward those who would not worship the emperor

- Especially Christians, who were viewed as followers of a new, upstart religion (cult)

- Often used for "entertainend" purposes in the Colosseum (thrown to the lions, etc)

- Despite the oppression, Christianity grew quickly - by AD 200, around 10 percent of the people in the Roman empire were Christians

5/2

Assasination and Another Caesar
- On the Ides of March (March 15), Caesar appeared in the Senate house, unarmed and unguarded, according to his custom, and a crowd of senators struck him down with their daggers.
- The main contender were Mark Antony, onve a commander under Caesar and now a consul; the leading assissins, Brutus and Cadssius; and Caesar's grandnephew and adopted son, the youthful Octavian Caesar
- Then however, they joined forces against Caesar's assassins; formed another triumvirate together with a lesser warlord, Marcus Lepidus; eliminated opponents in a new reign of terror in Rome; and defeated Cassius and Brutus in battle in Greece.
- Octavian based in Rome, Lepidus in North Africa, and Mark Antony in Alexandria
- Antony's passionate love affair with Queen Cleopatra made him unpopular in Rome, and his efforts to win presige by making conquests on the eastern frontier ended in failure
- Octavian pushed Lepidus out of power and successfully began expanding Rome's frontiers northward toward the Danube
- Octavian defeated Antony and Cleopatra near the western coast of Greece and they returned to Egypt and committed suicide

Chapter 7
- East Roman literature and art, philosophy and law, architecture and engineering were often inspired by Greek models, but Roman achievements in these fields eventually equaled or surpassed those of the Greeks and became just as much an inspiration and model for future Western development
- In the west, the native languages of conquered European barbarian peoples began to be replaced by Latin
- In the east, Egyptian hieroglyphic writing fell out of use

LO1 The rule of the emperors
- Soon after Octavian's triumph at Actium, the Senate conferred on him a new title, Augustus ("Revered One")
- He refused the offer of a long-term dictatorship and referred to himself simply as princeps ("first citizen")
- Augustus was confirmed as commander in chief of the armed forces and permitted the Senate to supervuse Italy and the city of Rome, as well as provinces where no soldiers were stationed
- He replaced Senate with his friends and allies
- Greek cities in Antolia began building shrines and sacrificing to "Rome and Augustus"- worshiping Rome itself as divine, and Augustus as a god-sent human being who embodied Rome's beneficent rule
- When he died the Senate declared him a Divine Being like Julius Caesar
- Augustus also acquired the tile of Father of the Fatherland
- He had laws passed against adultery by women and against both men and women who failed to marry; and another law exempted mothers of more than three children from the requirement of guardianship
- Poets and artists depicted him and his wife Livia as models of Roman family life, with Livia in the role of Chaste and strong-minded "matron" of the Fatherland
- A later ruler, Vespasian, who was known for his cynical sense of humor, is supposed to have said on his deathbed

4/30 watched a video

Today in the class, we all watched a video about Julius Caesar. It was about the war. There was a scene a man throwing a baby from his dwelling and it was so high. So many people in our class was wondering what he did. But Mr.Schick said he was throwing the baby to someone else because he was surrounded by fire. Anyway the video was interesting and really helpful to understand what we read  on the textbook.

4/29 note

THE ROMAN EMPIRE

Octavian - AKA Caesar Augustus

Augustus - the first emperor - getting it done

- begins the Pax Roman - a period of peace and prosperity

- built roads, aqueducts (brought water to the cities)

- set up civil service to take care of roads, the grain supply, even e postal service

- augustus dies at age 76 in A.D. 14, and passes power to

From Jesus to Christianty

- jeses was a Roman citizen and a praciticing Jew

- at age 30, he began his ministry (A.D 31-33), PREACHING TO THE POOR (and there were lots of em) in the empire, and reaching out to outsides

- statements like "my kingdom is not of this world" made the Romans(and the Jews) nervous, and they began to plan his execution

- the governor of the Roman province of Judaea, Pontius Pilate (prompted by Jewish hish priest), sebtebces Jesus to death by crucifixion

The word speads about the risen Jesus

- Paul is instrumental in telling the world about Jesus lfe, death, resurrection, and message

- he travels far and whide Cyprus, Anatolia, Athens, Corinth, Macedonia, Rome, Jerusalem and maybe even spain and britain

Julius Caesar

Protarians: citizens who have power of vote even though they lost their property.
Because Rome's society changed the character of its armies and their commanders also changed. It was now landless and propertyless proletarians who were drafted to ill the ranks of the legions.
Rome's citizen-soldiers were now "semi-professional" who fought largely in the hope of bettering themselves through pay,loot, promotion, and above all grants of land or money to provide them wit a living when they were discharged.
Government by supreme warlords was bound to be brief and unstable- unless one of them could turn military dictatorship into legitimate power.
Julius Caesar
He came from an old patrician family that had come down in the world, and he entered the city's politics as a young man determined to regain the fame and power of his ancestors.n the social struggles, he sided with the poorer citizens and used the influence with them to advance his own cause, and in 60 B.C he began to collaborate with Gnaeus PomPeius(Pompey), an officer promoted by Sulla who had conquered many eastern Mediterranean lands.
First Triumvirate
Crassus- army general
PomPey- richest
Caesar won an appointment as proconsul of province that included the southern regions of Gaul, a territory stretching all the way from northern Italy and the Mediterranean coast to the Rhine River and the Atlantic Ocean. It was kind of Rome's territory but not exactly same.
Gaulish tribes outside the Roman-ruled areas were powerful enough that they might one day become dangerous to Rome, but Caesar conquered Gaul and even made forats into Britain and Germany.
By 50 B.C., most of western Europe was under Roman rule, and Caesar had built a powerful army personally devoted to himself.
Crassus had led an army to crushing defeat by the neighboring empire of Parthia, while Pompey had stayed in Rome. At the end, with Pompey's support, the Senate ordered Caesar to disband his army return to Rome
Rubicon: shallow rive of northeastern Italy
Pompey was commissioned to defend the Senate, but his forces were no match for Caesar's veterans
The Father of the Fatherland = Caesar
Caesar moved to make himself supreme ruler of Republic. He had himself appointed to most of the leading magistracies, either simultaneously or in quick succession: tribune, supreme pontiff (Minor bracnch of government), consul, and dictator for a ten-year term. the people's assemblies continued to exist, but they did little more than endorse Caesar's proposals.

The Punic war

The Punic war(Latin name for the Phoenicians)

Conquering all of Italy south of the River Po broke out collision between Rome and a rival city-state beyond sea: Carthage, on the north coast of Africa. Greek had been struggled with Carthage and Roman took over Greek's responsibilities to protect their land as a allies. The ultimate goal was to get Mediterranean sea.

Three rounds between 264 B.C - 146 B.C

1. After many years of exhausing warfare, Rome was able to force Carthage out of Sicily, but the North African city kept the rest of its empire

2. the Carthaginian general Hannibal invaded Italy, defeated several Roman armies, and brought Rome to the brink of defeat.Ended in 202 B.C

3. Rome provoked a third war, and in 146 B.C, Carthage was captured after bitter fighting. The Senate ordered the city to be leveled, its people sold onto slavery, and even the ground on which it had stood to be solemnly cursed.

In 202 B.C, Rome had won control of the western Mediterranean.

Conquering the Empire

Carthage in Sicily,Spain, and Africa became the first Roman became the first Roman province. They were ruled as conquered land by proconsuls(governors) appointed by Senate. August after 27 B.C the province began to share in the benefits of Roman order, but they had to keep paying tribute to Roman.

After outbreak the Punic War, the Romans had unified most of Italy; in the next 250 years, they would spread their rule from the eastern Mediterranean to the British Isles. Even before Roman defeated Carthage, venturous some Romans were looking also to the eastern Mediterranean for new areas to exploit.

Greek city-state requested Rome to aid in resisting the king of Macedonia, who had been allied with Carthage.Firstly, Roman sent some army to them. The professed aim was to secure the liberties of the proud and quarrlsome Greek cities and then to withdraw. But then soon began to interfere in politics.

went over Text book

Today we had to bring our text book and went over it. Mr.Schick emphasized some significant thing on the textbook and we should highlight that things. I didn't bring my text book so i took some not in my Onenote. I am going to work on project with JP, Arri, and Kappel in Arri's house during the spring break. We have 1 week until spring break. We tried to convince Ryan to work with us but he refused. Honestly I don't want spring break because it will be bored.

"Rome" - Mr.Schick

today was best Western civ class ever. Mr.schick was a singer today. He wore Chicago red bulls hat and sunglassess like rapper. Actually he looked nice with those stuff. He arranged the song "low" which is sung by Flo Rida to "Rome". Some people filmed it with their phone and i also did it. I am addicted that song. Obviously he is very passionate and fun teacher and i guarantee everyone is his class like him. I hope to have Mr.Schick next year

4/2 CLASS

Rome- Mr.Schick

well you got the Etruscans and the Greeks
But the Latins came first
To the shores of the River Tiber
They drained a swamp
Next thing you know
....  



Rome had Republic government had 3 governments rolled into democracy,aristocracy and monarchy.
They had
2 consules=president
partricians=aristocrats

took a test

I was absent on Thursday, so i took it today during the class with Kylie. We took it at the hallway. It was open book test so we are allowed to see each of our blog. Even though I had enough time, I did not good on this test. I didn't study enough and I'm reflecting on my lack of effort. Anyway the test is over and I will concentrate on raising my grade. Fourth quater just started and plenty of opportunity to raise my grade. Mr.Schick is really nice. I hope to have his class next semester too.

Review

we checked answer for 58-point test today. I didn't bring it to school so I couldn't answer Mr.Schick question so Arri lent me his paper. We have test on Wednesday and we should study this worksheet. It is 100- point test.

Grading

During the class, Mr.Schick graded our project. Some of them did really good job. He asked us our opinion for the score and also to me. I said 90 for JP's work and changed it to 80 because of Kylie. Also I said ninety something for Kylie's group. They are deserve to get good score. Anyway we are going to have test on next Wednesday. I am studying  now.


































The 58-point greek quiz
1 She was a trusted associate of Pericles, and may have even written some of his speeche-Aspasia
2 He was a war hero who had many adventures while trying to return home after the Trojan Wars- Odysseus
3 In 508 BC, he and his Spartan allies were driven from power by the very first "people's revolution"- Isagoras
4 This goddess is the patron f Greece's capital city- Athena
5 An open "place of assembly" where Greek citizens would gather to discuss matters of importance - Agora
6 A sporting competition where the common man could actually compete against aristocrats - Olympics
7 A notion of excellence and virtue; the act of living up to one's full potential -arete
8 He composed the amazing stories The Iliad and The Odyssey - Homer
9 When these less-advanced people dominated Greecem writing disappeared for 400 years and the economy collapsed - Myccancans
10 He watched from a golden throne as his forces were defeated at the Straits of Salamis - xerxes
11 This city-state was the home of democracy and the head of the Delian League - Athens
12 He was recalled from exile and asked to build the world's first government of the people a system of government we now know as democracy - Cleisthenes
13 The most beautiful and magnificent building of its time, it was dedicated to a goddess whose 40-foot statue was found within in Parthenon
14 in a greek tragedy, he was the main characterr who fulfilled a prophecy that he would kill his father and marry his mother - Pericles
15 This general rose from the ranks of the common people, and took steps to increase the naval power of Athens - Themistocles
16 An association of Geek city-states whose purpose was to remain strong and united against their enemies - Delian League
17 A fast agile ship that was a feared weapon in the Greek navy - Trireme
18 This hero of ancient Greece is the central figure in a story which was the inspirarion for a modern sporting event - the marathon - pheidippides
19 He commanded the first Persian invasion of Greece which ended with his defeat at Marathon - Derius
20 Their kings dominated Greece from 1600 BC to 1200BC - Dorians
21 These legends describe Greek gods and goddesses and the nature of the world - Myths
22 The Greeks used trickery and a clever naval strategy and to win this battle against the Persians - Salamis
23 He was a prominent and influential statesman, orator,and general of Athens during the city's Golden Age, who was determned to glorify his cit through the arts, literature and culture - Pericles
24 These are long narrative poems celebrating heroic deeds - Epics
25 These poeple ruled an empire tat stretched all the wat from Egypr and Asia Minor to India and the Himalaya Mountains - Persians
26 Apollo was said to speak prophesies through this person; an ominous prophesy caused the Greeks much worry before the Persians' second invasion - Oracle of Delphi
27 This prominent city-state had a fearsome infantry and was located in southeastern Peloponnese - Sparta
29 Mr Schick wants to go back in time to hang out with this philosopher - Socrates

Aristocrat- a member of the riling class
Helots- conquered people began to be slaves

Cyber Day In school

Actually Mr.Schick was in school but couldn't  come to our class. So we went to upper gym and did assignment. There were some several other classes in the gym. Most of teachers in this school were not able to go to their class. I don't know the reason but it was unique experience. Fortunately, because of this cyber day, we don't have test on Friday. 3rd quater is going to be end by Friday.

Cyber day

     

1. Which of the following is not a characteristic of Greece?(d)
1. peninsula      b. many islands     c. mountainous                d. mostly fertile land

2. Approximately ___________ of Greece is covered by mountains.(b)
1. 2/3                  b. 3/4                         c. 1/2                          d. 1/4

3. Define the term barbarian as it was originally used in the ancient world.(d)

a.     The Greeks first used this term to describe those foreigners that they could not understand, but seemed to be saying "bar bar" when speaking.

b.     A group of people that is able to quickly adapt to the new environment in which they arrive despite speaking a foreign tongue.

c.      A group of people migrating into a territory where they do not speak the native tongue.

d.     A life based upon farming, warfare, and tribal organization.

e.     The word came from the Greek "barbaros," which originally meant "Non-Greek."

4.     What defines a megalithic structure?(c)

a.     Homes that were constructed for people during the Neolithic period

b.     Fortifications constructed for people during the Neolithic period

c.      Massive rough-cut stones used to construct monuments and tombs

d.     Giant dinosaurs whose fossil remains were visible to ancient peoples

e.     Evidence of advanced technological tools

5.     What does the term tribe refer to?(e)

a.      A social and political unit consisting of a group of communities held together by common interests, traditions, and real or mythical ties of kinship

b.      A family-based group governed by a hereditary chieftain

c.       A clan-based group prior to the advent of city-states in the Greek world

d.      A group of warriors, related by blood, who are governed by a king or queen

e.      All of these

6. Tribes were governed by(d)
1. Warrior kings or queens                                        d.  all of these
2. Chieftains                                                                  e.  none of these
3. Tribal leaders chosen by warriors

7. Who were the first European barbarians to make contact with civilization?(a)
1. Greeks                                                                       d.  Phoenicians
2. Hittites                                                                      e.  people of Asian Minor
3. Celts

8. Which of the following modern-day countries would NOT be considered a member of “Western civilization”?(e)
1. Greece                                                                        d.  Italy
2. England                                                                     e.  United States
3. China

9. What is the name of the sea located just west of the Greek mainland?(d)
1. Mediterranean Sea                                                  d.  Ionian Sea
2. Aegean Sea                                                                e.  Chesapeake Bay
3. Atlantic Ocean

10. What is the name of the sea located just east of the Greek mainland?(b)
1. Mediterranean Sea                                                  d.  Ionian Sea
2. Aegean Sea                                                                e.  Chesapeake Bay
3. Atlantic Ocean

11. What were the major crops the Aegean people lived on?(d)
1. Rice, vines, and olives
2. Potatoes, vines, and olives
3. Grain, vines, and olives
4. Onions, wheat, and beer
5. Corn, wheat, and rice

12. Which civilization arose on the island of Crete?(b)
1. Mycenaean                                                                d.  Persian
2. Minoan                                                                      e.  Phoenician
3. Spartan

13. Which civilization established settlements along the Greek mainland’s southern shore and on some islands?(a)
1. Mycenaean                                                                d.  Persian
2. Minoan                                                                      e.  Phoenician
3. Spartan 

14. Which civilization built massive walls to protect themselves from attack?(a)
1. Mycenaean                                                                d.  Persian
2. Minoan                                                                      e.  Phoenician
3. Spartan

15. A period of Greek history in which the population dropped, ships no longer sailed, and writing fell out of use, is called the(d)
1. First Persian War                                                    d.  Dark Ages
2. Megalithic Destruction                                          e.  none of these
3. Collapse of Crete

16. Following this time period, the Greeks joined which group as the leading commercial and seafaring nation of the Mediterranean?(e)
1. Etruscans                                                                  d.  Persians
2. Egyptians                                                                   e.  Phoenicians
3. Hittites

17. In historical writing, the letter “c” might appear before a date, as in “c. 1500 BC.”  What does this “c” mean?(c)
1. around                                                                       d.  all of these
2. about                                                                          e.  none of these
3. circa

18. By 600 BC, Greek city-states dotted the coastlines around the Mediterranean Sea.  These were called(a)
1. colonies                                                                     d.  hoplites
2. demos                                                                                    e.  megaliths
3. Starbucks

19. Although they varied in size, ancient Greek city-states most closely resembled what modern-day geographical feature?(b)
1. cities                                                                           d.  nations
2. counties                                                                     e.  continents
3. states

20.  This is a form of government in which a small group of citizens dominated, and the power of the majority was limited in various ways.(a)
1. democracy                                                                 c.  oligarchy
2. monarchy                                                                  d.  tyranny

21. This is a form of government in which decisions were made by the majority of adult male citizens.(c)
1. democracy                                                                 c.  oligarchy
2. monarchy                                                                  d.  tyranny 

22. This is a form of government in which a self-proclaimed dictator held power.(d)
1. democracy                                                                 c.  oligarchy
2. monarchy                                                                  d.  tyranny

23. This is a form of government in which power is held by a single ruler, and is often passed along from father to son.(b)
1. democracy                                                                 c.  oligarchy
2. monarchy                                                                  d.  tyranny

24. Spartans used this government system.(c)
1. democracy                                                                 c.  oligarchy
2. monarchy                                                                  d.  tyranny

25. At what age did Spartan males begin their military training?(a)
1. seven                                                                          d.  eighteen
2. twelve                                                                                    e.  twenty-one
3. fifteen

26. What was the wealthiest city-state in the ancient Greek world?(a)
1. Athens                                                                       d.  Sparta
2. Thebes                                                                       e.  Argos
3. Corinth

27. This was the high fortified citadel and religious center of an ancient Greek town.(c)
1. Parthenon                                                                 d.  helos
2. Pantheon                                                                  e.  polites
3. acropolis

28. This was the name of the southern peninsula where Sparta was located.(e)
1. Anatolia                                                                     d.  Stonehenge
2. Mt. Olympus                                                             e.  Peloponnesus
3. Crete

29. These were massive fighting ships with three banks of oars, used to ram or board enemy ships.(e)
1. phalanxes                                                                  d.  biremes
2. hoplites                                                                      e.  triremes
3. tyrants

30. This was a heavily armed and armored citizen-soldier of ancient Greece.(b)
1. phalanx                                                                      d.  bireme
2. hoplite                                                                       e.  trireme
3. tyrant

  

Short answer.    

1. You recall the time period when the Greek population dropped, ships no longer sailed, and writing fell out of use.  What years did this period begin and end?

1150 B.C~ 750 B.C

2. During the time period when writing fell out of use, the poet Homer is said to have told stories of the Trojan War, and of a war hero attempting to return to his home.  What are the titles of these two stories?

The Odyssey and the lliad

3. The word “Mediterranean” originally meant _____________________ .

Middle of the land

4. What were prominent and long-established Athenian land-owners called? They were called Aristocrats